Method of manufacturing nonvolatile semiconductor device

ABSTRACT

A semiconductor substrate having a main surface, first and second floating gates formed spaced apart from each other on the main surface of the semiconductor substrate, first and second control gates respectively located on the first and second floating gates, a first insulation film formed on the first control gate, a second insulation film formed on the second control gate to contact the first insulation film, and a gap portion formed at least between the first floating gate and the second floating gate by achieving contact between the first insulation film and the second insulation film are included. With this, a function of a nonvolatile semiconductor device can be ensured and a variation in a threshold voltage of a floating gate can be suppressed.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/402,972, filed on Apr. 13, 2006, claiming priority of Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-118505, filed on Apr. 15, 2005, the entire contents of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a nonvolatile semiconductor device having reduced capacitive coupling between floating gates and a method of manufacturing the same.

2. Description of the Background Art

A generally known nonvolatile semiconductor device allowing electrical writing and erasing includes a plurality of floating gate electrodes formed on a main surface of a semiconductor substrate and control gate electrodes formed on the floating gate electrodes. As a degree of integration of a semiconductor integrated circuit becomes higher in recent years, a dimension between floating gates becomes smaller and a large capacity is readily generated between adjacent floating gates. As a result, a problem due to so-called capacitive coupling occurs, that is, a threshold voltage during reading of the floating gate varies according to potentials of surrounding floating gates.

Therefore, a nonvolatile semiconductor device having suppressed capacitive coupling of adjacent floating gates has been conventionally proposed. Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2000-100976, for example, describes a nonvolatile semiconductor device having cavities formed between adjacent floating gates and between adjacent control gates, and a nonvolatile semiconductor device having insulation films having a relative permittivity lower than that of silicon oxide which are formed between adjacent floating gates and between adjacent control gates.

Steps for manufacturing the nonvolatile semiconductor device having cavities formed between floating gate electrodes and between control gate electrodes include a step of forming a plurality of control gate electrodes on a top surface of a semiconductor substrate and a step of depositing an insulation film by vapor phase epitaxy at a normal pressure.

In the step of depositing an insulation film, the insulation film deposited does not completely fill space between control gate electrodes and between control gates to form cavities.

Steps for manufacturing the nonvolatile semiconductor device having insulation films having a permittivity lower than that of a silicon oxide film which are formed between floating gate electrodes and between control gate electrodes include a step of forming a plurality of control gate electrodes on a semiconductor substrate, a step of forming floating gate electrodes, and a step of forming fluoridated polyimide (having a relative permittivity of 2.7) between the control gate electrodes and between the floating gate electrodes formed.

In addition, Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2002-076299 describes a semiconductor device including a semiconductor substrate having a surface, a groove formed on a main surface of the semiconductor substrate, a first insulation film embedded in the groove, two conductive layers formed spaced apart from each other on the first insulation film, an opening formed in the first insulation film to expose a portion of the surface of the semiconductor substrate located directly below a region between two conductive layers, a second insulation film formed to fill the opening and cover the two conductive layers, and a gap formed in the opening filled with the second insulation film.

In this nonvolatile semiconductor device, a capacity between two conductive layers is also reduced with the gap positioned between the two conductive layers.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In a nonvolatile semiconductor device having cavities formed between control gates and between floating gates, however, an insulation film tends to enter space between floating gates or between control gates in a step of forming cavities between floating gates and between control gates. In addition, a film formed on a side surface of the control gate or a side surface of the floating gate tends to have a large thickness. With this, suppression of capacitive coupling between adjacent floating gates becomes difficult and a threshold voltage of a selected floating gate varies. Furthermore, in a nonvolatile semiconductor device having low-permittivity films having a permittivity lower than that of a silicon oxide film which are formed between floating gates and between control gates, hydrogen or water may exude to a gate insulation film, which inhibits a function of the nonvolatile semiconductor device.

The present invention was made in view of problems described above. An object of the present invention is to provide a nonvolatile semiconductor device which can ensure a function of the nonvolatile semiconductor device and has a suppressed variation in a threshold voltage of a floating gate.

A nonvolatile semiconductor device according to the present invention includes a semiconductor substrate having a main surface, first and second floating gates formed spaced apart from each other on the main surface of the semiconductor substrate, first and second control gates respectively located on the first and second floating gates, a first insulation film formed on the first control gate, a second insulation film formed on the second control gate to contact the first insulation film, and a gap portion formed at least between the first floating gate and the second floating gate by achieving contact between the first insulation film and the second insulation film.

According to a nonvolatile semiconductor device and a method of manufacturing the same according to the present invention, a variation in a threshold voltage of a floating gate can be suppressed while ensuring a function of the nonvolatile semiconductor device.

The foregoing and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the present invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a nonvolatile semiconductor device according to a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III in FIG. 1.

FIGS. 4 to 8 are cross-sectional views respectively indicating first to fifth steps for manufacturing the nonvolatile semiconductor device.

FIG. 9 is a graph indicating a relationship between a variation amount (relative ratio) ΔVth of a potential of a floating gate and a thickness of an insulation film.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a nonvolatile semiconductor device according to a second embodiment.

FIGS. 11 to 13 are cross-sectional views respectively indicating first to third steps for manufacturing the nonvolatile semiconductor device.

FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram of a general AND-type flash array structure.

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a memory cell transistor.

FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram of a general NAND-type flash array structure.

FIG. 17 is a detailed cross-sectional view of a memory cell transistor.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Embodiments of a nonvolatile semiconductor device according to the present invention will now be described using FIGS. 1 to 17.

First Embodiment

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a nonvolatile semiconductor device 10 according to a first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, a semiconductor substrate 11 having a main surface, assist gates 13 a, 13 b formed spaced apart from each other on the main surface of semiconductor substrate 11 and extending in one direction, floating gates (first floating gates) 14 a-16 a, 14 c-16 c formed on the main surface of semiconductor substrate 11, and floating gates (second floating gates) 14 b-16 b formed spaced apart from floating gates 14 a-16 a, 14 c-16 c are included.

Nonvolatile semiconductor device 10 also includes control gates (first control gates) 12 a, 12 c formed on floating gates 14 a-16 a, 14 c-16 c, and a control gate (second control gate) 12 b formed on floating gates 14 b-16 b.

A plurality of floating gates 15 a-15 c are formed spaced apart from each other between assist gates 13 a, 13 b along an extending direction of assist gates 13 a, 13 b. In addition, gap portions 25 a-27 a, 25 b-27 b are formed between floating gates 14 a-16 a, 14 b-16 b, 14 c-16 c which are adjacent to each other in the extending direction of assist gates 13 a, 13 b.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 2, an insulation film 20 is formed on the main surface of semiconductor substrate 11, and assist gates 13 a, 13 b and floating gates 14 b-16 b are formed on the main surface of semiconductor substrate 11 via insulation film 20. Cap insulation films 21 a, 21 b are formed on respective top surfaces of assist gates 13 a, 13 b. An ONO (Oxide-Nitride-Oxide) film 22 is formed on a side of upper end portions of floating gates 14 b-16 b, and control gate 12 b is formed via ONO film 22. ONO film 22 is formed by successively stacking silicon oxide, silicon nitride and silicon oxide, for example, from a lower side. Assist gates 13 a, 13 b are arranged between floating gates 14 b-16 b, and an insulation film 23 is formed between each of assist gates 13 a, 13 b and each of floating gates 14 b-16 b.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 3, control gates 12 a-12 c are respectively constructed with conductor films 12 a 2-12 c 2 formed with polycrystalline silicon having a low resistance and metal silicide films 12 a 1-12 c 1 having a high melting point such as tungsten silicide (WSi_(x)) films which are formed on respective top surfaces of conductor films 12 a 2-12 c 2. A TEOS (Tetraethoxysilane) film is formed on an upper end surface of each of control gates 12 a-12 c. Then, insulation films 31 a-31 c are formed to cover surfaces of cap insulation films 30 a-30 c of the TEOS film, side surfaces of control gates 12 a-12 c, a side surface of ONO film 22, and side surfaces of floating gates 15 a-15 c.

In addition, insulation films (first insulation films) 32 a, 32 c are formed on respective control gates 12 a, 12 c via cap insulation films 30 a, 30 c and insulation films 31 a, 31 c. An insulation film (second insulation film) 32 b is formed on control gate 12 b via cap insulation film 30 b and insulation film 31 b.

Each of insulation films 32 a, 32 c is formed to have an upper portion gradually expanding in a lateral direction, and insulation film 32 b is formed to contact insulation films 32 a, 32 c. Since insulation films 32 a, 32 c contact insulation film 32 b, space between control gates 12 a-12 c and between floating gates 15 a-15 c is closed in a portion above control gates 12 a-12 c. Therefore, gap portions 26 a, 26 b are formed at least between floating gates 15 a, 15 c and floating gate 15 b. Insulation films 32 a-32 c are formed to have thicknesses gradually decreasing from a side of upper end portions of control gates 12 a-12 c to a lower side. Insulation films 32 a-32 c are substantially not formed on a side of lower end portions of floating gates 15 a-15 c. Insulation films 32 a-32 c are also substantially not formed on a portion of the main surface of semiconductor substrate 11 located between floating gates 15 a-15 c.

Therefore, gap portions 26 a, 26 b are formed to have widths gradually increasing from a side of upper end portions of control gates 12 a-12 c to a lower side. In particular, gap portions 26 a, 26 b are formed to have large widths in portions between control gates 12 a-12 c and between floating gates 15 a-15 c.

A contact portion S between insulation films 32 a-32 c is located above control gates 12 a-12 c. Therefore, gap portions 26 a, 26 b are formed to extend from portions between floating gates 15 a-15 c to portions above upper end portions of control gates 12 a-12 c. It is to be noted that, each of insulation films 32 a-32 c may be formed with a porous insulation film having a permittivity lower than that of an silicon oxide film. A porous film such as silsesquioxane, porous silica, an aerogel thin film, or HSG (Hemi-Spherical Grain)-255 is suitable.

An insulation film 33 is formed on surfaces of such insulation films 32 a-32 c to cover contact portion S between insulation films 32 a-32 c. Insulation film 33 has high moisture resistance, and is formed with an insulation film made of a material different from that of insulation films 32 a-32 c.

FIGS. 4 to 8 respectively indicate steps for manufacturing nonvolatile semiconductor device 10 constructed as above. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a first step for manufacturing nonvolatile semiconductor device 10. As shown in FIG. 4, an insulation film 134 is formed on the main surface of semiconductor substrate 11. Insulation film 134 functions as a tunnel insulation film of the floating gate formed, and is made of for example, silicon oxynitride (SiON).

Then, a conductor film 115 formed with, for example, polycrystalline silicon having a low resistance is deposited on a top surface of insulation film 134 by a method such as CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition). Then, an insulation film formed with silicon oxide, an insulation film formed with silicon nitride and an insulation film formed with silicon oxide are successively deposited on a surface of conductor film 115 by a method such as CVD to form an ONO film 122. Thereafter, a conductor film 112B formed with polycrystalline silicon having a low resistance and a conductor film 112A having a resistance lower than that of conductor film 112B, which is a metal silicide film having a high melting point such as a tungsten silicide film, are respectively deposited from a lower side by a method such as CVD.

An insulation film 130 formed with silicon oxide, for example, is deposited by a method such as CVD using a TEOS gas, and a hard mask film 126 formed with polycrystalline silicon having a low resistance, for example, is then deposited thereon by a method such as CVD, and an antireflection film 127 formed with silicon oxynitride, for example, is further deposited thereon by a method such as CVD.

Then, a resist pattern for forming a control gate is formed on antireflection film 127, antireflection film 127 and hard mask film 126 are patterned using the resist pattern as an etching mask, and a resist pattern for forming a word line is then removed. A stacked film formed with remaining hard mask film 126 and antireflection film 127 is then used as an etching mask to etch insulation film 130, a high-melting-point metal silicide film 112A and conductor film 112B exposed therefrom.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a second step for manufacturing nonvolatile semiconductor device 10. As shown in FIG. 5, control gates 12 a-12 c formed are used as a mask to etch ONO film 122, conductor film 115 and insulation film 134 shown in FIG. 4. Floating gates 15 a, 15 c are formed as shown in FIG. 5. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a third step for manufacturing nonvolatile semiconductor device 10. As shown in FIG. 6, insulation films 31 a-31 c are formed on either side surfaces of floating gates 15 a-15 c, either side surfaces of control gates 12 a-12 c, and surfaces of cap insulation films 30 a-30 c by a method such as CVD. Each of insulation films 31 a-31 c is formed with a silicon oxide film or a silicon nitride film. In this step, an insulation film is formed on a portion of the main surface of semiconductor substrate 11 which is exposed to the outside among floating gates 15 a-15 c, which insulation film is linked with insulation films 34 a-34 c shown in FIG. 5 to form insulation film 20 on a whole main surface of semiconductor substrate 11.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a fourth step for manufacturing nonvolatile semiconductor device 10. As shown in FIG. 7, insulation films 32 a-32 c are formed via cap insulation films 30 a-30 c and insulation films 31 a-31 c in the fourth step. To form insulation films 32 a-32 c, an amount of flow of a film formation gas of a plasma CVD apparatus, which is not shown, is increased. When a supply amount of gas is made excessive, an amount of deportation is increased and an embedding property is decreased. As an example, it is preferable to set a supply amount of an N₂O gas to at least 500 sccm and at most 600 sccm, and a supply amount of an SiH₄ gas to at least about 3 sccm and at most about 5 sccm.

It is especially preferable to increase an N₂O/SiH₄ ratio during formation of insulation films 32 a-32 c. Coverage can be decreased and the embedding property can be decreased by increasing the N₂O/SiH₄ ratio. The N₂O/SiH₄ ratio is preferably within a range of, for example, 1-2.

Furthermore, a film formation temperature is set to be lower than usual during formation of insulation films 32 a-32 c. When the film formation temperature is set to a low temperature, a surface reaction is delayed, which can decrease coverage and can decrease the embedding property. The film formation temperature is preferably within a range of, for example, at least 200° C. and at most 250° C.

In addition, power of a plasma source is set to a low value during formation of insulation films 32 a-32 c. When the power is set to a low value, a plasma density is decreased, radicals are decreased, coverage is decreased, and the embedding property is decreased. Power of the plasma source is preferably within a range of, for example, about 125-925 W.

In addition, a film formation pressure is set to be lower than usual during formation of insulation films 32 a-32 c. When the film formation pressure is made lower, directivity of film formation is enhanced and formation of the insulation film on side surfaces of control gates 12 a-12 c and side surfaces of floating gates 15 a-15 c is suppressed. The film formation pressure is preferably within a range of for example, at least 10⁻² Torr and at most 9 Torr.

As described above, the embedding property of insulation films 32 a, 32 c is decreased by adjusting the amount of flow of the film formation gas, the N₂O/SiH₄ ratio, the film formation temperature, the power during film formation, and the film formation pressure. In addition, since aspect ratios between control gates 12 a-12 c and between floating gates 15 a-15 c are set to high values of about 3.5-5.0, insulation films 32 a-32 c do not easily enter space between control gates 12 a-12 c and between floating gates 15 a-15 c. Therefore, insulation films 32 a-32 c are formed on a side of upper end portions of control gates 12 a-12 c.

Insulation films 32 a-32 c are respectively stacked on the upper end portions of control gates 12 a-12 c and, at the same time, expand in a lateral direction. Furthermore, each of insulation films 32 a-32 c grows to contact another insulation film 32 a-32 c formed on the upper end portion of adjacent control gate 12 a-12 c to close an opening between control gates 12 a-12 c. In this step, since insulation films 32 a-32 c close openings of control gates 12 a-12 c after respectively stacked on the upper end portions of control gates 12 a-12 c, contact portion S of insulation films 32 a-32 c is located above the upper end portions of control gates 12 a-12 c. In addition, since cap insulation films 30 a-30 c are formed on the upper end portions of control gates 12 a-12 c, contact portion S of insulation films 32 a-32 c is reliably located above the upper end portions of control gates 12 a-12 c.

Therefore, gap portions 26 a, 26 b formed below contact portion S of insulation films 32 a-32 c are formed to extend from the main surface of semiconductor substrate 11 to a portion above the upper end portions of control gates 12 a-12 c. In addition, since the embedding property of insulation films 32 a-32 c is set to be low, insulation films 32 a-32 c are not readily formed on side surfaces of control gates 12 a-12 c and side surfaces of floating gates 15 a-15 c, and widths of gap portions 26 a, 26 b are ensured from upper end portions to lower end portions thereof. In particular, since floating gates 15 a-15 c are formed on a side of lower surfaces of control gates 12 a-12 c, insulation films 32 a-32 c are not readily formed on the side surfaces of floating gates 15 a-15 c.

Since the insulation films are formed on surfaces of control gates 12 a-12 c and floating gates 15 a-15 c, plasma damage to control gates 12 a-12 c and floating gates 15 a-15 c or the like during formation of insulation films 32 a, 32 c is alleviated. In addition, though cap insulation films 30 a-30 c remain on the upper end portions of control gates 12 a-12 c when insulation films 32 a-32 c are formed in the first embodiment, cap insulation films 30 a-30 c may be removed. When cap insulation films 30 a-30 c are removed, shapes of insulation films 32 a-32 c formed can be readily controlled. Therefore, insulation films 32 a-32 c can be formed to reliably expand in the lateral direction gradually from the upper end portions of control gates 12 a-12 c to an upper side.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a fifth step for manufacturing nonvolatile semiconductor device 10. As shown in FIG. 8, an insulation film 33 formed with silicon oxide or the like is formed on surfaces of insulation films 32 a-32 c to cover contact portion S between insulation films 32 a-32 c. Since insulation film 33 covers contact portion S between insulation films 32 a-32 c as such, entering of water into gap portions 26 a, 26 b is prevented during a subsequent CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) step.

FIG. 9 is a graph indicating a relationship between a variation amount (relative ratio) ΔVth of a potential of a floating gate and a thickness of an insulation film. Each of bottom film thicknesses a0, a1, a2 in FIG. 9 means a thickness of the insulation film shown in FIG. 8 which is formed on the portion of the main surface of semiconductor substrate 11 exposed to the outside among floating gates 15 a-15 c. A relation “a0=0 nm<a1<a2<<no air gap” is satisfied. In addition, each of sidewall film thicknesses b0, b1, b2 means a thickness of the insulation film formed on side surface portions of floating gates 15 a-15 c. A relation “b0=0 nm<b1<b2<<no air gap” is satisfied. The “air gap” means gap portions 25 a-27 a, 25 b-27 b, 25 c-27 c shown in FIG. 1, and “no air gap” means that space between floating gates and between control gates is filled with the insulation film.

In FIG. 1, assuming that a potential of a floating gate α, any of floating gates 14 a-14 c, 15 a-15 c, 16 a-16 c adjacent to floating gate 15 b, varies from VH to VL, variation amount (relative ratio) ΔVth of the potential of floating gate 15 b is expressed with the following formula.

${\Delta\;{Vth}} = {{\sum\;\alpha} \approx {\sum\limits_{\alpha = 1}^{m}\;{{\left( {{{Cfg}\; 15\; b} - {{fg}\;\alpha}} \right)/{Cfgtotal}} \times \left( {{{Vh}\;\alpha} - {{Vl}\;\alpha}} \right)}}}$

(Herein, (Cfg15 b−fgα) indicates a capacity between floating gate 15 b and adjacent floating gate α, m indicates a number of floating gates having potentials varied, and Cfgtotal indicates a total capacity formed between floating gate 15 b and adjacent floating gates.)

As shown in FIG. 9, ΔVth increases as the bottom film thickness increases and as the sidewall film thickness increases. It is also shown that ΔVth becomes large when gap portions 26 a, 26 b shown in FIG. 8 are not formed. That is, it is apparent that capacitive coupling between floating gates 14 a-14 c, 15 a-15 c, 16 a-16 c can be reduced as the thicknesses of the insulation films formed on bottom surfaces and side surfaces of gap portions 25 a-27 a, 25 b-27 b, 25 c-27 c in FIG. 1 are decreased.

In the steps for manufacturing nonvolatile semiconductor device 10 according to the first embodiment, since the film formation pressure is decreased to enhance directivity of film formation when insulation films 32 a-32 c are formed, insulation films are not readily formed on side surfaces of gap portions 25 a-27 a, 25 b-27 b, 25 c-27 c. Furthermore, since the amount of flow of the film formation gas, the N₂O/SiH₄ ratio, the film formation temperature, and the power during film formation in the step of forming insulation films 32 a-32 c are set within the ranges as described above to set a low embedding property, the insulation film does not reach the main surface of semiconductor substrate 11 and insulation films are not readily formed on bottom surfaces of gap portions 25 a-27 a, 25 b-27 b, 25 c-27 c. Therefore, it is apparent that variation amount (relative ratio) ΔVth of a potential of each of floating gates 14 a-14 c, 15 a-15 c, 16 a-16 c is reduced in nonvolatile semiconductor device 10 according to the first embodiment.

In nonvolatile semiconductor device 10 according to the first embodiment, since gap portions 26 a, 26 b are formed to extend from portions between floating gates 15 a-15 c to portions above upper end portions of control gates 12 a-12 c as shown in FIG. 3, a capacity formed between adjacent control gates 12 a-12 c is reduced. In addition, a capacity formed between, for example, floating gate 15 b and control gates 12 a, 12 c on top surfaces of floating gates 15 a, 15 c adjacent to floating gate 15 b is reduced with gap portions 26 a, 26 b. In particular, since upper end portions of gap portions 26 a, 26 b are located above upper end portions of control gates 12 a, 12 c, thicknesses of the insulation films formed on side surfaces of control gates 12 a, 12 c can be decreased. Therefore, a capacity between control gates 12 a, 12 c and the capacity formed between floating gate 15 b and control gates 12 a, 12 c on top surfaces of floating gates 15 a, 15 c adjacent to floating gate 15 b are reliably reduced.

As described above, according to nonvolatile semiconductor device 10 according to the first embodiment, since capacitive coupling formed between floating gates 14 a-14 c, 15 a-15 c, 16 a-16 c shown in FIG. 1 can be suppressed, a variation in a threshold voltage of floating gate 14 a-14 c, 15 a-15 c, 16 a-16 c can be suppressed when a potential of adjacent floating gate 14 a-14 c, 15 a-15 c, 16 a-16 c varies, and accurate reading can be performed. Furthermore, since a capacity between floating gate 14 a-16 c and control gate 12 a-12 c formed on floating gate 14 a-16 c adjacent to that floating gate 14 a-16 c can be reduced, more accurate reading can be performed. In particular, since a portion of insulation films 32 a-32 c on side surfaces of floating gates 15 a-15 c has a small thickness, a capacity between floating gates 15 a-15 c can be reliably decreased.

That is, since upper end portions of gap portions 26 a, 26 b are located above upper end portions of control gates 12 a-12 c, thicknesses of insulation films 32 a-32 c formed on side surfaces of control gates 12 a-12 c and side surfaces of floating gates 15 a-15 c can be decreased, and capacities formed between floating gates 15 a-15 c and control gates 12 a-12 c can be reduced.

In addition, a capacity between adjacent control gates 12 a-12 c can also be reduced, and an operation speed can be reliably increased. In particular, since a portion of insulation films 32 a-32 c on side surfaces of control gates 12 a-12 c has a small thickness and gap portions 26 a, 26 b are formed to extend to the portion above upper end portions of control gates 12 a-12 c, a capacity generated between control gates 12 a-12 c can be decreased.

Furthermore, according to a method of manufacturing nonvolatile semiconductor device 10 as described above, insulation films 32 a-32 c can be reliably formed on upper end portions of control gates 12 a-12 c by setting of the N₂O/SiH₄ ratio to 1-2, the film formation temperature within the range of at least 200° C. and at most 250° C., the power of the plasma source within the range of about 125-925 W, and the film formation pressure within the range of at least 10⁻² Torr and at most 9 Ton in the step of forming insulation films 32 a-32 c. That is, by setting conditions for film formation to the ranges described above, the embedding property of insulation films 32 a-32 c can be decreased and insulation films 32 a-32 c can be formed only on the side of upper end portions of control gates 12 a-12 c.

In addition, since the insulation films are formed on surfaces of control gates 12 a-12 c before the step of forming insulation films 32 a-32 c, plasma damage to control gates 12 a-12 c and floating gates 15 a-15 c or the like during formation of insulation films 32 a-32 c can be alleviated. Furthermore, since insulation film 33 is formed after the step of forming insulation films 32 a-32 c, entering of water into gap portions 26 a, 26 b can be suppressed during a subsequent step of CMP or the like.

Second Embodiment

A nonvolatile semiconductor device 50 according to a second embodiment will now be described using FIGS. 10-17. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of nonvolatile semiconductor device 50 according to the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 10, nonvolatile semiconductor device 50 includes insulation film 20 formed on the main surface of semiconductor substrate 11, floating gates 15 a-15 c formed on the main surface via insulation film 20, ONO film 22 formed on top surfaces of floating gates 15 a-15 c, and control gates 12 a-12 c respectively formed on floating gates 15 a-15 c via ONO film 22.

Nonvolatile semiconductor device 50 also includes an insulation film 40 formed between control gates 12 a-12 c and between floating gates 15 a-15 c. Insulation film 40 is a porous insulation film having a permittivity lower than that of a silicon oxide film. A porous film having a permittivity of about 2.6, more specifically, silsesquioxane, porous silica, an aerogel thin film, HSG-255 (an organic SOG (Spin On Glass) material having high strength and a low permittivity), or the like is used as insulation film 40. Insulation film 40 formed with such a porous film or the like has a plurality of holes formed therein. Therefore, insulation film 40 has a large surface area and has hygroscopicity or a property of absorbing hydrogen.

An insulation film 41 is formed on a surface of insulation film 40. In contrast to insulation film 40, insulation film 41 is formed with a moisture-resistant insulating material.

A method of manufacturing nonvolatile semiconductor device 50 is described using FIGS. 11 to 13. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a first step for manufacturing nonvolatile semiconductor device 50. As shown in FIG. 11, insulation films 34 a-34 c are formed spaced apart from each other on the main surface of semiconductor substrate 11, floating gates 15 a-15 c are formed on respective top surfaces of insulation films 34 a-34 c, ONO film 22 is formed on top surfaces of floating gates 15 a-15 c, and control gates 12 a-12 c are formed on a top surface of ONO film 22. Cap insulation films 30 a-30 c, which functioned as masks of control gates 12 a-12 c, remain on top surfaces of control gates 12 a-12 c.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a second step for manufacturing nonvolatile semiconductor device 50. As shown in FIG. 12, insulation films 31 a-31 c are formed to cover side surfaces of floating gates 15 a-15 c, side surfaces of control gates 12 a-12 c and surfaces of cap insulation films 30 a-30 c. Then, insulation film 40 is formed to fill space between floating gates 15 a-15 c and between control gates 12 a-12 c.

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a third step for manufacturing nonvolatile semiconductor device 50. As shown in FIG. 13, insulation film 41 is formed on a top surface of insulation film 40.

In nonvolatile semiconductor device 50 formed as described above, since insulation film 40 which is a low-permittivity film fills space between floating gates 15 a-15 c in FIG. 10, a capacity formed between floating gates 15 a-15 c can be reduced. With this, a variation in a threshold voltage of each of floating gates 15 a-15 c can be suppressed.

In addition, since insulation film 40 also fills space between control gates 12 a-12 c, a capacity formed between control gates 12 a-12 c can be reduced. With this, an operation speed can be increased. In addition, since insulation film 40 also fills a portion above upper end portions of control gates 12 a-12 c, capacities formed between floating gates 15 a-15 c and control gates 12 a-12 c can be reliably reduced.

Since insulation film 40 adsorbs water or hydrogen, exuding of water or hydrogen to insulation film 20 can be prevented. Therefore, writing, reading and erasing operations can be performed accurately. Furthermore, since moisture-resistant insulation film 41 is formed on the top surface of insulation film 40, entering of water into insulation film 40 can be avoided during a subsequent CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) step. With this, hygroscopicity or a hydrogen-adsorbing function of insulation film 40 can be ensured. It is to be noted that, though an example of the present invention applied to an AG (Assist Gate)-AND-type flash memory is described in each of the first and second embodiments above, the present invention is not limited thereto.

FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram of a general AND-type flash array structure 60. As shown in FIG. 14, general AND-type flash array structure 60 includes a plurality of memory cell transistors 62 connected with a word line 64, a selection transistor 61 connected to a main bit line 66, and a selection transistor 63 connected to a source line.

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of memory cell transistor 62. As shown in FIG. 15, memory cell transistor 62 includes gap portions 26 a, 26 b formed to extend from portions between floating gates 15 a-15 c to portions above upper end portions of control gates 12 a-12 c. Alternatively, a porous insulation film having a permittivity lower than that of a silicon oxide film may fill space extending from portions between floating gates 15 a-15 c to portions above upper end portions of control gates 12 a-12 c, as in the second embodiment. According to general AND-type flash array structure 60 formed as such, a capacity formed between floating gates 15 a, 15 c or the like can be reduced and a variation in a threshold voltage can be suppressed.

FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram of a general NAND-type flash array structure 70. As shown in FIG. 16, NAND-type flash array structure 70 includes a plurality of selection transistors 71 each connected to a bit line 75, selection transistors 73 connected to a source line, and a plurality of memory cell transistors 72 arranged between each selection transistor 71 and each selection transistor 73. FIG. 17 is a detailed cross-sectional view of memory cell transistor 72. As shown in FIG. 17, memory cell transistor 72 includes gap portions 26 a-26 b formed to extend from portions between floating gates 15 a-15 c to portions above upper end portions of control gates 12 a-12 c. Alternatively, a porous insulation film having a permittivity lower than that of a silicon oxide film may fill space extending from portions between floating gates 15 a-15 c to portions above upper end portions of control gates 12 a-12 c, as in the second embodiment. According to NAND-type flash array structure 70 constructed as such, a capacity formed between floating gates 15 a, 15 c can be reduced. In addition, effects similar to those of the nonvolatile semiconductor device according to each of the first and second embodiments can be obtained.

The present invention can be favorably applied to a nonvolatile semiconductor device and a method of manufacturing a nonvolatile semiconductor device.

Although the present invention has been described and illustrated in detail, it is clearly understood that the same is by way of illustration and example only and is not to be taken by way of limitation, the spirit and scope of the present invention being limited only by the terms of the appended claims. 

1. A method of manufacturing a nonvolatile semiconductor device, comprising the steps of: forming first and second floating gates on a main surface of a semiconductor substrate; forming first and second control gates respectively on said first and second floating gates; and forming first and second insulation films on said first and second control gates, respectively, to expand in a lateral direction as the first and second insulation films expand upwardly from upper end portions of said first and second control gates; forming a third insulation film on a surface of said first and second insulation films to cover a contact portion between said first insulation film and said second insulation film; forming a gap portion between at least said first floating gate and said second floating gate by said first and second insulation films having an embedding property lower than the embedding property of said third insulation film; and said third insulation film being formed of a material different from the material of said first and second insulation films, and having moisture resistance capable of suppressing entry of water into said gap portion. 